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ZNAMENSKAIA

St Petersburg

Znamenskaia, Antonina Nikolaevna
She was born in 1923 in the village of Obukhovo in the Ustiuzhna district of Vologda Oblast. In 1931, her family was dekulakized, her father sent to the Solovetskii labour camps; she and her mother and two brothers were deported to the special settlement of Shaltyr in the Altai region of Siberia. In December 1934, she returned from exile and settled with her parents in the town of Pestovo in Leningrad Oblast where she left school with top marks in 1941. Refused admission to Medical Institute No.1 in Leningrad as a 'kulak's daughter', she taught in a primary school. In 1943, she enrolled at Sverdlovsk Medical Institute, but transferred in 1944 to the Leningrad Paediatric Institute. She married in 1947. After graduating from the institute in 1948, she went to work in Kolpino. In 1955, she was awarded the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences. Subsequently, she worked at the Institute of Physiology. Antonina Nikolaevna died in November 2006.

Father: Golovin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (1882-1958). He was born in the village of Obukhovo, in Vologda Province, where he went to the local parish school. After fighting in the First World War, he lived and worked as a peasant farmer and shoemaker in Obukhovo, where he was a prominent member of the peasant commune and the village Soviet. He was arrested on 2 August 1930; his family was dekulakized and deported to Siberia. Awaiting trial, he was held at the prison in Ustiuzhna. On 10 October 1930, a Troika of the OGPU Plenary Authority for Leningrad Military District sentenced him to 3 years in a labour camp. He was sent to the Solovetskii Labour Camp, from where he was later transferred to Kem. He was released in February 1933 and went to the village of Pestovo in Leningrad Oblast where he settled down as a carpenter. On 7 June 1991, he was rehabilitated by the Public Prosecutor of Vologda Oblast.

Mother: Golovina, Evdokiia Potapovna, née Soboleva (1886-1955). She was born in the village of Sobolevo, in Vologda Province, and went to the local parish school. She worked as a peasant and housewife. After her husband's arrest, on 4 May 1931, the family was deported to the special settlement of Shaltyr in the Altai region of Siberia. She fell ill with typhus but survived. In 1934, she was allowed to move with her children to the village of Pestovo and rejoin her husband there.

Brother: Golovin, Ivan Nikolaevich (1907-1941). Born in the village of Obukhovo, where he lived and worked as a peasant farmer until the collectivization campaign, when he fled from Obukhovo. From 1933 he was in the village of Pestovo, working as a carpenter. He was killed in action during the war.

Sister: Maria Nikolaevna (1910-1985). Born in the village of Obukhovo. She fled from Obukhovo during the collectivization campaign and lived in the North Caucasus. She was in Leningrad during the Siege. After the war, she worked as a bookkeeper in the village of Pestovo.

Brother: Golovin, Nikolai Nikolaevich (1912-1941). Born in the village of Obukhovo, he also fled from collectivization and was killed in action during the war.

Brother: Golovin, Aleksei Nikolaevich (1915-1974). Born in the village of Obukhovo. On 4 May 1931, he was deported to Siberia together with his family. In exile, he lived in the settlement of Shaltyr, where he worked felling trees. In 1934, he returned with his family to Pestovo in Leningrad Oblast. He qualified and worked as an architect.

Brother: Golovin, Anatolii Nikolaevich (1920-1941). Born in the village of Obukhovo. On 4 May 1931, he was deported to Siberia together with his family. In exile, he lived in the settlement of Shaltyr. In 1934, he returned Pestovo in Leningrad Oblast. He studied at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, but was killed in action during the war.

 


The Interviews
Her story is of course a fascinating one - the story of a life led in secret - which raises very interesting questions of identity.
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The Family Archive
The archive contains the memoirs of Antonina Nikolaevna.
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